Digging your own shallow water well
- David Bennett
- Apr 9
- 2 min read
Digging your own shallow water well can be a rewarding DIY project if you’re in a rural area or want an off-grid water source. However, it requires careful planning, the right tools, and attention to safety. Here's a step-by-step overview of how to dig a shallow water well (typically less than 30 feet (10m ) deep):
🧠 Things to Know Before You Start
Check local regulations: Some areas require permits for wells.
Know your water table: A shallow well needs to reach below the water table, which varies by location and season.
Test for contamination risk: Make sure you’re not near septic systems, animal pens, or chemical storage.
🛠️ What You’ll Need
Post-hole digger or manual auger (for soft ground)
Shovel
Well screen or perforated PVC pipe (to draw water)
Solid PVC pipe (for the casing)
Gravel and bentonite clay or sealant (for filtering and sealing)
Rope, pulley, or tripod (if going deeper)
Hand pump (or electric pump if you have power)
🕳️ Step-by-Step Guide
1. Pick the Right Spot
Choose low-lying ground (water tends to collect there).
Avoid places too close to septic tanks, livestock, or where contaminants may enter.
2. Start Digging
Use a shovel or post-hole digger for very shallow wells.
For deeper ones, a manual auger can help go 20–30 feet.
You might need a tripod with a pulley to remove soil in buckets.
3. Install the Casing
Once you hit moist, sandy soil or actual water:
Drop in your well casing (PVC pipe).
The bottom part should have slits or a screen to let in water and keep out debris.
4. Add Filter Pack
Pour clean gravel around the screen portion of the casing.
This helps filter water before it enters the well.
5. Seal the Top
Use bentonite clay or concrete to seal around the top of the well casing.
This prevents surface contaminants from seeping down.
6. Install the Pump
A simple hand pump is best for shallow wells.
If you have power, a shallow well jet pump works too.
💧 Testing and Safety
Test the water before drinking—check for bacteria, nitrates, etc.
Regularly inspect your well for contamination or damage.
Protect the wellhead with a cap or cover.
🚫 Things Not to Do
Don’t assume the water is safe just because it’s clear.
Don’t dig too close to buildings (structural risk).
Don’t go too deep manually—call a pro if you're hitting 30+ feet.
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